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| Sakho-Jimbira, Maam Suwadu; Bignebat, Celine. |
| Much has been written to show the importance of diversification for rural African households because of the considerable share of non-farm revenues in total income (Reardon, 1997; Reardon et al., 1998). The literature points out push and pull factors explaining that risk and adverse shocks which characterize farm activities urge rural population to diversify into more profitable non-farm activities. But less attention has been paid to the distinction between two diversification patterns, namely local diversification and migration, and their relationship. Drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature, we identify the advantages and drawbacks of local diversification versus migration decision in terms of expected pay-offs for the family and the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Migration; Diversification; Mutual insurance; Groundnut basin; Senegal; Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O55; D70; Q12. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7918 |
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| de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth; Winters, Paul C.; Murgai, Rinku. |
| The practice of mutual insurance is conditioned by two types of transaction costs: "association" costs in establishing links with insurance partners and "extraction" costs in using these links to implement insurance transfers. Data on insurance-motivated water exchanges among households along two irrigation canals in Pakistan show that households exchange bilaterally with neighbors and family members but the majority exchange with members of tightly knit clusters. We, therefore, develop a model that endogenizes both cluster formation and the quality of insurance in the chosen cluster as a function of the relative importance of association and extraction costs. Full insurance at the community level, the object of most empirical tests of mutual insurance, is... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Mutual insurance; Transaction costs; Clusters; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12905 |
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